Global biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, threatening the integrity and functioning of ecosystems under increasing pressures from land-use change, agricultural intensification, and landscape fragmentation (Díaz et al., 2019). The loss of biodiversity undermines ecosystem stability, agricultural sustainability, and climate resilience. In line with the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) and the European Green Deal, there is an urgent need to develop cross-scale and interdisciplinary monitoring frameworks capable of quantifying ecosystem integrity and supporting ecological restoration.

With the rapid development of multisource remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy and multispectral observations from UAVs, aircraft, and satellites provide new opportunities to study ecosystem fragmentation and spectral diversity (Schneider et al., 2017; Cavender-Bares et al., 2022). This postdoctoral research focuses on the Åmose (Aamosen) wetland and surrounding agricultural landscapes in Denmark. By integrating hyperspectral satellites PRISMA and EnMAP (30 m), multispectral Sentinel-2 data (10 m), airborne hyperspectral data AVIRIS (1 m), airborne LiDAR, and field measurements, the study aims to identify typical scale of spectral diversity and assess the mechanisms of ecosystem fragmentation, revealing how spectral and structural diversity relate to ecological integrity across agricultural and natural systems. Specifically,

1. Using PRISMA, EnMAP, Sentinel-2, AVIRIS, LiDAR, and in-situ data in the Åmose region, this study will use some intelligent methods to identify dominant spatial and spectral scales and heterogeneity patterns across agricultural and natural ecosystems and to evaluate the impact of scales  on spectral diversity estimates;
2. Combining LiDAR-derived canopy height and vegetation structural metrics with spectral information, a set of coupled spectral-structural indicators will be developed to explore the scale-dependent relationships between spectral diversity, structural complexity, and landscape fragmentation;
3. Using Google Earth Engine, the methodology will be upscaled from Åmose to national (Denmark) and European scales, enabling large-area mapping and visualization of ecosystem fragmentation and biodiversity.

This research is expected to establish a robust multiscale framework for monitoring vegetation spectral diversity and assessing ecosystem fragmentation across agricultural and natural landscapes. The outcomes will enhance our understanding of scales for estimating spectral and structural, providing new indicators for evaluating fragmentation and ecological health. The framework will offer practical tools for sustainable land management and biodiversity conservation in Denmark’s natural and agricultural ecosystems, while contributing scalable methodologies and datasets to European and global biodiversity monitoring initiatives such as GBF and ESA CHIME.