Peatlands play a crucial role in the global carbon (C) cycle and strongly influence atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. They store large amounts of carbon accumulated over thousands of years, acting as a long-term sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). At the same time, they are the largest natural source of methane (CH₄), a potent greenhouse gas. Despite their importance, the dynamics of peatland carbon cycling remain insufficiently understood, leading to major uncertainties in climate models. Climate warming and changes in hydrology can shift peatlands from sinks to sources of greenhouse gases. When peat soils dry out, stored carbon can be released as CO₂. This process has been accelerated in the past through widespread peatland drainage for agriculture, as was commonly done in northern European countries, including Denmark. To prevent further C losses, significant national efforts and funding are now directed toward peatland rewetting and restoration.

Our research focuses on improving the understanding of carbon and nitrogen cycling processes in pristine northern peatlands. At the Siikaneva peatland in Finland, we investigate spatial and temporal patterns of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O fluxes along a moisture gradient from upland forest to open peatland. We combine flux and environmental measurements, isotope modelling, vegetation experiments, and analyses of soil and pore water to better understand the processes controlling GHG exchange and the role of vegetation. In addition, we contribute to expanding the availability of high-resolution flux data in remote areas by developing a low-cost, autonomous measurement system for continuous GHG monitoring (Miso, 2025).

Our work also contributes to ongoing discussions about peatland restoration strategies. Rewetting drained peatlands can greatly reduce CO₂ emissions, but it may also increase CH₄ emissions—highlighting the need to find restoration methods that balance these trade-offs under different environmental conditions. To support effective decision-making, research must be closely linked with practice. As part of this effort, we are organizing a stakeholder workshop to foster dialogue between researchers and practitioners and to ensure that scientific insights inform climate mitigation and land management initiatives.